Posts about Backend Engineering

When it makes sense to use FastAPI for internal tools and when Spring Boot is the better choice. Real technical criteria.

Java vs Kotlin from the perspective of team decisions and real maintenance, not superficial features. Experience from real projects.

How to integrate an LLM into a real backend: layered architecture, provider abstraction, limits, errors, costs, and tests.

Real experience with Spring Boot and Kotlin: setup, JPA, null safety, testing, and the problems that actually show up.